FAOSTAT · 2024

Agricultural production in Mongolia

According to FAOSTAT, Mongolia produced 443,153 t of cereals, 282,645 t of vegetables, 2,022 t of fruit, 378,314 t of meat and 246,965 t of milk in 2024. Its largest crops by volume were wheat (397,258 t), potatoes (251,405 t) and carrots and turnips (177,422 t).

Products recorded: 58
World #1: 0; products
World top 10: 3; products
Year: 2024

Among its twelve largest crops, the biggest ten-year change was in carrots and turnips (+203%), followed by cabbages (+184%).

Livestock numbers: 5.1 million cattle, 21,258 pigs, 24.5 million sheep and 22.9 million goats.

Totals by group

Group	Tonnes	World rank	Share	10-year change
All cereals	443,153	121	0.01%	−16%
All meat	378,314	83	0.1%	+55%
All vegetables	282,645	112	0.02%	+178%
All roots and tubers	251,405	117	0.03%	+56%
All milk	246,965	113	0.03%	−19%
All eggs	11,794	110	0.01%	+227%
All tree nuts	5,488	77	0.03%	+8.7%
All fruit	2,022	187	0%	+72%
All pulses	1,417	154	0%	−1.3%

All products by volume, 2024

Product	Tonnes	World rank	Share	10-year change
Wheat	397,258	64	0.05%	−20%
Potatoes	251,405	87	0.06%	+56%
Skim milk of cows	208,059	58	0.15%	−25%
Cow milk	191,760	115	0.02%	−29%
Carrots and turnips	177,422	36	0.39%	+203%
Sheep meat	133,288	19	1.15%	+46%
Beef (cattle meat)	107,749	69	0.15%	+96%
Beer	93,500	100	0.05%	+34%
Goat meat	63,789	16	0.82%	+5.4%
Horse meat, fresh or chilled	61,158	4	8.18%	+107%
Rapeseed	59,354	40	0.07%	+14%
Cabbages	53,019	69	0.07%	+184%
Raw hides and skins of sheep or lambs	38,082	12	1.75%	+46%
Oats	35,601	42	0.16%	+87%
Edible offal of sheep, fresh, chilled or frozen	31,735	18	1.6%	+46%
Goat milk	30,845	52	0.15%	+100%
Yoghurt	28,893	23	0.58%	−28%
Onions, dry	24,099	104	0.02%	+155%
Edible offal of cattle, fresh, chilled or frozen	23,705	47	0.24%	+96%
Buffalo milk	22,059	16	0.01%	+41%
Raw hides and skins of cattle	21,550	49	0.25%	+96%
Edible offal of goat, fresh, chilled or frozen	20,296	12	1.37%	+5.4%
Raw hides and skins of goats or kids	17,397	12	1.14%	+5.4%
Wool, greasy	14,112	22	0.83%	−12%
Other vegetables, fresh n.e.c.	13,659	125	0%	+36%
Hen eggs	11,794	110	0.01%	+227%
Camel meat	11,572	14	1.75%	+82%
Cucumbers	9,975	87	0.01%	+112%
Barley	9,111	85	0.01%	+6.8%
Edible offals of horses and other equines, fresh, chilled or frozen	8,782	4	9.24%	+107%
Ghee from cow milk	8,389	11	1.28%	−34%
Sheep fat, unrendered	6,030	16	0.94%	+46%
Other nuts	5,146	25	0.47%	+8.8%
Cattle fat, unrendered	3,232	56	0.09%	+96%
Tallow	3,011	49	0.04%	−19%
Butter of cow milk	2,796	72	0.05%	+180%
Tomatoes	2,070	141	0%	—
Green garlic	2,047	72	0.01%	—
Other fruits, n.e.c.	2,022	112	0.01%	+72%
Cheese from milk of sheep, fresh or processed	1,963	23	0.38%	+8.8%
Goat fat, unrendered	1,740	19	0.55%	+5.4%
Rapeseed or canola oil, crude	1,519	54	0%	—
Skim milk, condensed	1,514	10	0.16%	−77%
Sheep milk	1,475	69	0.02%	+30%
Other pulses n.e.c.	1,417	77	0.03%	−1.3%
Cereals n.e.c.	1,183	52	0.01%	−65%
Edible offals of camels and other camelids, fresh, chilled or frozen	950	17	1%	+82%
Fat of camels	831	11	2.82%	+82%
Camel milk	827	25	0.02%	−56%
Buttermilk, dry	587	64	0.09%	—
Chicken meat	487	175	0%	+108%
Wine	435	68	0%	—
Mushrooms	353	56	0%	+18%
Hazelnuts, in shell	342	26	0.03%	+7.9%
Honey	283	101	0.01%	+186%
Pork (pig meat)	272	158	0%	−64%
Edible offal of pigs, fresh, chilled or frozen	58	116	0%	−64%
Fat of pigs	26	128	0%	−64%

Live animals, 2024

Product	Head	World rank	Share	10-year change
Sheep	24,491,124	14	1.8%	+5.5%
Goats	22,920,180	12	1.93%	+4.1%
Cattle	5,074,552	52	0.32%	+49%
Horses	4,683,233	4	8.33%	+56%
Chickens	1,830,000	145	0.01%	+130%
Camels	480,567	13	1.08%	+38%
Pigs	21,258	142	0%	−54%
Bees	15,434	79	0.02%	+132%
Asses	26	103	0%	−88%

Mongolia among the world’s producers, 2024

Share of world production by country for the largest crops of Mongolia, which is outlined on the map.

Product

under 0.1%0.1–1%1–5%5–15%15% or moreno data
Small island states are not drawn at this scale.

Production per person, 2024

Mongolia had 3.5 million inhabitants in 2024 (FAOSTAT estimate). Production of its largest products per inhabitant, compared with the world average:

Product	kg per person	World, kg per person	Ratio
Wheat	114	97.8	1.2×
Potatoes	72.3	47.8	1.5×
Skim milk of cows	59.9	17.5	3.4×
Cow milk	55.2	97.7	0.6×
Carrots and turnips	51.0	5.53	9.2×
Sheep meat	38.4	1.41	27.1×
Beef (cattle meat)	31.0	8.55	3.6×
Beer	26.9	22.7	1.2×
Goat meat	18.4	0.95	19.4×
Horse meat, fresh or chilled	17.6	0.09	192.2×
Rapeseed	17.1	10.8	1.6×
Cabbages	15.3	9.25	1.6×

Production divided by population; it is not consumption, because crops are traded and used for feed, processing and industry.

Trade in agricultural products, 2024

Mongolia reported exports of 18 and imports of 119 of the products covered here; it was the world’s largest exporter of horse meat, fresh or chilled.

Largest exports by value

Product	Tonnes	Value	USD/kg	World rank
Horse meat, fresh or chilled	21,392	USD 53.9 m	2.52	1 of 39
Rape or colza seed	63,516	USD 37.6 m	0.59	21 of 59
Areca nuts	1,756	USD 24.9 m	14.16	17 of 76
Other nuts (excluding wild edible nuts and groundnuts), in shell, n.e.c.	980	USD 14.4 m	14.69	18 of 88
Meat of sheep, fresh or chilled	2,016	USD 5.8 m	2.86	26 of 82
Meat of goat, fresh or chilled	1,270	USD 4.0 m	3.14	7 of 41
Tallow	809	USD 417,000	0.52	33 of 68
Beer of barley, malted	338	USD 337,000	1.00	111 of 149
Meat of cattle with the bone, fresh or chilled	78	USD 230,000	2.95	62 of 92
Cattle fat, unrendered	73	USD 224,000	3.07	40 of 61

Largest imports by value

Product	Tonnes	Value	USD/kg	World rank
Meat of chickens, fresh or chilled	31,631	USD 59.5 m	1.88	74 of 189
Beer of barley, malted	35,325	USD 29.6 m	0.84	57 of 192
Wheat	87,932	USD 25.5 m	0.29	121 of 176
Apples	24,407	USD 21.8 m	0.89	59 of 190
Chillies and peppers, green (Capsicum spp. and Pimenta spp.)	28,237	USD 19.7 m	0.70	24 of 161
Lettuce and chicory	20,539	USD 13.8 m	0.67	22 of 155
Wine	2,320	USD 12.4 m	5.35	115 of 192
Whole milk powder	3,181	USD 11.9 m	3.76	70 of 190
Mustard seed	24,642	USD 10.6 m	0.43	4 of 127
Cheese from whole cow milk	1,854	USD 10.1 m	5.45	104 of 192

FAOSTAT detailed trade data, release of 23 July 2026: quantities in tonnes and values in current US dollars as reported; exports include re-exports. Only the FAO trade items that match Husfarm production pages are included: meat covers fresh or chilled meat only (frozen meat is a separate item), and processed goods such as milled rice or flour are not listed.

Questions and answers

What are the main crops produced in Mongolia?

By volume, the largest products of Mongolia in 2024 were wheat (397,258 t), potatoes (251,405 t), skim milk of cows (208,059 t), according to FAOSTAT.

Is Mongolia the world’s largest producer of anything?

Not in 2024. Its highest world rank was 4th, for horse meat, fresh or chilled.

How much wheat does Mongolia produce per person?

About 114 kg per inhabitant in 2024, compared with a world average of 97.8 kg (production divided by population, FAOSTAT).

What does Mongolia export most?

By value, its largest agricultural exports in 2024 among the products covered here were horse meat, fresh or chilled (USD 53.9 m), rape or colza seed (USD 37.6 m), areca nuts (USD 24.9 m), according to FAOSTAT.

What does Mongolia import most?

By value, its largest agricultural imports in 2024 among the products covered here were meat of chickens, fresh or chilled (USD 59.5 m), beer of barley, malted (USD 29.6 m), wheat (USD 25.5 m).

Where does this data come from?

Production, trade and population figures are from FAOSTAT, the statistics database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rankings, shares and per-person figures are calculated by Husfarm.

Source: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products. Accessed on 4 November 2026. fao.org/faostat. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Charts, rankings and changes calculated by Husfarm.