Cloves (whole stems) production by country
World production of cloves (whole stems) reached 198,941 t in 2024, up 20% over ten years. The largest producers were Indonesia (74.4%), Madagascar (12.6%), Tanzania (4.3%), together 91% of the world total. It was harvested from 704,178 ha, an average yield of 0.3 t/ha.
- World production, 2024
- 198,941 t
- 10-year change
- +20%
- Producing countries
- 9
- World average yield
- 0.28 t/ha
World production, 1961–2024 (tonnes)
Map of cloves (whole stems) production, 2024
Share of the world total. Small island states are not drawn at this scale.
Producers ranked, 2024
| # | Country | Tonnes | Share | 10-year change | Yield, t/ha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indonesia | 147,953 | 74.4% | +21% | 0.3 |
| 2 | Madagascar I | 25,114 | 12.6% | +21% | 0.3 |
| 3 | Tanzania E | 8,575 | 4.31% | −1.8% | 1.2 |
| 4 | Comoros I | 7,767 | 3.90% | +59% | 0.2 |
| 5 | Sri Lanka | 5,813 | 2.92% | +3.9% | 1.0 |
| 6 | Kenya E | 2,136 | 1.07% | +8.3% | 0.9 |
| 7 | China E | 1,337 | 0.67% | +5.8% | 1.3 |
| 8 | Malaysia I | 226 | 0.11% | +2.7% | 0.2 |
| 9 | Grenada E | 19 | 0.01% | −47% | 0.4 |
E = estimated by FAO, I = imputed by FAO, X = from an external organisation; other figures are official.
How concentrated is production?
The largest producer, Indonesia, accounts for 74.4% of the world total in 2024; the five largest for 98.1%.
| Year | Top 5 share | Top 10 share | Countries with data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 98.5% | 100.0% | 9 |
| 2005 | 98.2% | 100.0% | 9 |
| 2010 | 97.1% | 100.0% | 9 |
| 2015 | 97.9% | 100.0% | 9 |
| 2020 | 98.1% | 100.0% | 9 |
| 2024 | 98.1% | 100.0% | 9 |
By continent, 2024
| Continent | Production | Share of world | Share in 2014 | 10-year change | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | 155,329 t | 78.1% | 78.1% | +20% | 4 |
| Africa | 43,592 t | 21.9% | 21.9% | +20% | 4 |
| North and Central America | 19 t | 0.0% | 0.0% | −47% | 1 |
Sums of country figures; the world total also includes countries without a continent assignment, so shares may not add up to 100%.
Fastest growing and declining producers, 2014–2024
Countries with at least 0.5% of world production in 2024, change over ten years.
Area harvested and yields
The world average yield was 0.28 t/ha in 2024.
- Production, 2014–2024
- +20%
- Harvested area
- +15%
- Average yield
- +4.8%
- World area, 2024
- 704,178 ha
Most of the increase came from a larger harvested area rather than higher yields.
World area harvested, 1961–2024 (hectares)
Highest yields
| Country | Yield, t/ha | vs world |
|---|---|---|
| China | 1.3 | +353% |
| Tanzania | 1.2 | +332% |
| Sri Lanka | 1.0 | +242% |
| Kenya | 0.9 | +229% |
| Madagascar | 0.3 | +19% |
Lowest yields
| Country | Yield, t/ha | vs world |
|---|---|---|
| Comoros | 0.2 | −23% |
| Indonesia | 0.3 | −9.1% |
| Madagascar | 0.3 | +19% |
| Kenya | 0.9 | +229% |
| Sri Lanka | 1.0 | +242% |
Among countries with at least 0.5% of world production. Yield = production ÷ harvested area; it depends on climate, varieties, irrigation and how the crop is counted, so it is not a measure of efficiency alone.
Long-term trend, 1961–2024
- Average growth per year, 1961–2024
- +3.2%
- Average growth per year, last 10 years
- +1.9%
- Record year
- 2024 198,941 t
- Largest yearly fall
- 1978 −39%
| Decade | Average per year | vs previous decade |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s (1961–1969) | 29,169 t | — |
| 1970s | 41,152 t | +41% |
| 1980s | 68,009 t | +65% |
| 1990s | 92,851 t | +37% |
| 2000s | 107,088 t | +15% |
| 2010s | 158,122 t | +48% |
| 2020s (2020–2024) | 190,070 t | +20% |
Production per person, 2024
World production of cloves (whole stems) was 0.02 kg per person in 2024. The highest figures, among countries with at least 1 million inhabitants:
| # | Country | kg per person | Production |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Madagascar | 0.79 | 25,114 t |
| 2 | Indonesia | 0.52 | 147,953 t |
| 3 | Sri Lanka | 0.25 | 5,813 t |
| 4 | Tanzania | 0.13 | 8,575 t |
| 5 | Kenya | 0.04 | 2,136 t |
| 6 | Malaysia | 0.01 | 226 t |
| 7 | China | 0.00 | 1,337 t |
Production divided by population (FAOSTAT population estimates, 2024). Production per person is not consumption: countries export, import and use crops for feed, processing and industry.
International trade, 2024
Trade item: Cloves (whole stems), raw. Other forms of this product (for example frozen, boneless, shelled, dried or processed) are separate FAO trade items that are not included here, so these figures cover only part of its trade.
- World exports
- 101,543 t
- Export value
- USD 651 m
- Average export price
- 6.41 USD/kg
Indonesia was the largest exporter with 51.2% of the quantity reported by exporting countries; India was the largest importer with 34.1%. World exports grew 100% over ten years.
World exports, 2000–2024 (tonnes)
Largest exporters
| # | Country | Tonnes | Share | Value | USD/kg | 10-year change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indonesia | 51,983 | 51.2% | USD 325 m | 6.25 | +469% |
| 2 | Madagascar | 29,164 | 28.7% | USD 192 m | 6.57 | +148% |
| 3 | Egypt | 3,528 | 3.5% | USD 918,000 | 0.26 | — |
| 4 | Comoros | 3,155 | 3.1% | USD 19.2 m | 6.07 | +15% |
| 5 | Tanzania | 2,841 | 2.8% | USD 17.1 m | 6.01 | +0.5% |
| 6 | Singapore | 2,808 | 2.8% | USD 23.8 m | 8.48 | −75% |
| 7 | India | 1,348 | 1.3% | USD 12.0 m | 8.89 | +90% |
| 8 | Sri Lanka | 1,057 | 1.0% | USD 12.4 m | 11.72 | −14% |
| 9 | Netherlands | 896 | 0.9% | USD 10.0 m | 11.13 | +33% |
| 10 | Germany | 605 | 0.6% | USD 6.7 m | 11.02 | +112% |
Largest importers
| # | Country | Tonnes | Share | Value | USD/kg | 10-year change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 31,882 | 34.1% | USD 219 m | 6.88 | +138% |
| 2 | China | 7,696 | 8.2% | USD 34.9 m | 4.54 | +5,065% |
| 3 | Indonesia | 6,478 | 6.9% | USD 57.7 m | 8.91 | — |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | 5,685 | 6.1% | USD 39.3 m | 6.91 | +12% |
| 5 | Saudi Arabia | 3,422 | 3.7% | USD 31.1 m | 9.07 | +47% |
| 6 | Singapore | 2,918 | 3.1% | USD 21.9 m | 7.50 | −44% |
| 7 | United States | 2,907 | 3.1% | USD 29.0 m | 9.99 | +78% |
| 8 | Algeria | 2,637 | 2.8% | USD 3.4 m | 1.27 | +1,612% |
| 9 | Bangladesh | 2,532 | 2.7% | USD 18.6 m | 7.35 | +349% |
| 10 | Pakistan | 2,455 | 2.6% | USD 10.9 m | 4.45 | +54% |
FAOSTAT detailed trade data (Crops and livestock products trade, release of 23 July 2026): quantities in tonnes and values in current US dollars as reported by countries; exports include re-exports. Shares are of the total reported by all exporting or importing countries. World exports and imports do not match because of timing, valuation (exports FOB, imports CIF) and gaps in reporting. Processed products such as juices, dried or canned goods are separate items.
Questions and answers
Which country produces the most cloves (whole stems)?
Indonesia was the largest producer in 2024 with 147,953 t, 74.4% of the world total, according to FAOSTAT.
What is the world production of cloves (whole stems)?
World production was 198,941 t in 2024, +20% compared with 2014.
Which countries produce the most cloves (whole stems)?
In 2024: Indonesia (147,953 t, 74.4%), Madagascar (25,114 t, 12.6%), Tanzania (8,575 t, 4.3%), Comoros (7,767 t, 3.9%), Sri Lanka (5,813 t, 2.9%). Together they account for 98.1% of the world total.
What is the average yield of cloves (whole stems)?
The world average was 0.28 tonnes per hectare in 2024 (198,941 t from 704,178 ha harvested).
Which country exports the most cloves (whole stems), raw?
Indonesia exported 51,983 t in 2024, 51.2% of reported world exports, worth USD 325 m, according to FAOSTAT trade data.
Which country imports the most cloves (whole stems), raw?
India imported 31,882 t in 2024, 34.1% of reported world imports.
Where does this data come from?
Production and area figures are from FAOSTAT, the statistics database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (dataset Crops and livestock products, release of 23 December 2025). Shares, rankings, changes and averages are calculated by Husfarm.
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About the data
- Figures are production in tonnes as reported to or estimated by FAO for each calendar year; the latest year is 2024.
- Letters next to a country mark figures that are not official national data: E estimated by FAO, I imputed by FAO (filled in by a statistical model), X taken from an external organisation. Treat them as approximate.
- Shares are relative to the FAO world total; ten-year changes compare 2024 with 2014; yield is production divided by area harvested; average growth per year is the compound annual rate between the two years.
- Country series on Husfarm start in 2000; the world series starts in 1961.
Download CSV All countries and years: production, area harvested and FAO flag.
How to cite: FAO (2025). FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products — Cloves (whole stems). Retrieved via Husfarm, https://husfarm.com/production/cloves-whole-stems/. Licence CC BY 4.0.
Source: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products. Accessed on 4 November 2026. fao.org/faostat. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Charts, rankings and changes calculated by Husfarm.