Agricultural production in Estonia
According to FAOSTAT, Estonia produced 1.3 million t of cereals, 13,490 t of vegetables, 4,930 t of fruit, 71,782 t of meat and 941,000 t of milk in 2024. Its largest crops by volume were wheat (744,750 t), barley (315,200 t) and oats (134,900 t).
- Products recorded
- 55
- World #1
- 0
- products
- World top 10
- 1
- products
- Year
- 2024
Among its twelve largest crops, the biggest ten-year change was in dry peas (+244%), followed by oats (+108%).
Livestock numbers: 232,390 cattle, 283,550 pigs, 46,100 sheep and 3,200 goats.
Totals by group
| Group | Tonnes | World rank | Share | 10-year change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All cereals | 1,303,540 | 101 | 0.04% | +6.7% |
| All milk | 941,000 | 77 | 0.1% | +17% |
| All pulses | 148,740 | 63 | 0.15% | +277% |
| All meat | 71,782 | 137 | 0.02% | +0.8% |
| All roots and tubers | 69,330 | 149 | 0.01% | −41% |
| All vegetables | 13,490 | 165 | 0% | −80% |
| All eggs | 11,800 | 109 | 0.01% | −1.9% |
| All fruit | 4,930 | 181 | 0% | −3.3% |
All products by volume, 2024
| Product | Tonnes | World rank | Share | 10-year change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cow milk | 940,600 | 73 | 0.12% | +17% |
| Wheat | 744,750 | 58 | 0.09% | +21% |
| Barley | 315,200 | 44 | 0.22% | −31% |
| Skim milk of cows | 145,018 | 65 | 0.1% | +57% |
| Oats | 134,900 | 28 | 0.6% | +108% |
| Peas, dry | 117,640 | 16 | 0.83% | +244% |
| Beer | 97,700 | 99 | 0.05% | −32% |
| Rapeseed | 96,070 | 32 | 0.11% | −42% |
| Rye | 72,620 | 21 | 0.63% | +46% |
| Rapeseed or canola oil, crude | 70,500 | 33 | 0.22% | +890% |
| Potatoes | 69,330 | 111 | 0.02% | −41% |
| Cheese from whole cow milk | 51,570 | 46 | 0.22% | +18% |
| Pork (pig meat) | 41,580 | 71 | 0.03% | +0.4% |
| Broad beans and horse beans, dry | 31,020 | 22 | 0.5% | — |
| Cream, fresh | 28,690 | 24 | 0.77% | −9.6% |
| Triticale | 25,790 | 29 | 0.21% | +2.3% |
| Whey, condensed | 25,690 | 11 | 1% | +53% |
| Chicken meat | 22,237 | 125 | 0.02% | +14% |
| Yoghurt | 18,680 | 27 | 0.37% | −3.8% |
| Hen eggs | 11,800 | 109 | 0.01% | −1.9% |
| Whey, dry | 10,790 | 28 | 0.33% | +166% |
| Skim milk and whey powder | 10,562 | 34 | 0.22% | +374% |
| Carrots and turnips | 8,250 | 96 | 0.02% | −55% |
| Cereals n.e.c. | 8,080 | 32 | 0.1% | — |
| Beef (cattle meat) | 7,720 | 135 | 0.01% | −21% |
| Cucumbers | 4,880 | 95 | 0.01% | −48% |
| Butter of cow milk | 4,600 | 60 | 0.08% | +31% |
| Other oil seeds, n.e.c. | 3,380 | 42 | 0.14% | — |
| Mixed grain | 2,200 | 15 | 0.14% | −71% |
| Apples | 2,160 | 85 | 0% | −6.4% |
| Wine | 2,135 | 62 | 0.01% | — |
| Strawberries | 1,470 | 69 | 0.01% | −4.1% |
| Honey | 1,313 | 75 | 0.07% | +14% |
| Whole milk, evaporated | 1,160 | 47 | 0.04% | — |
| Oil of maize | 1,100 | 46 | 0.04% | +240% |
| Tallow | 1,100 | 58 | 0.01% | +1,797% |
| Other berries and fruits of the genus vaccinium n.e.c. | 1,050 | 39 | 0.1% | +135% |
| Skim milk, evaporated | 919 | 5 | 1.07% | +38% |
| Pig fat, rendered | 666 | 70 | 0.01% | +528% |
| Sunflower-seed oil, crude | 600 | 73 | 0% | — |
| Goat milk | 400 | 106 | 0% | +8.4% |
| Sheep meat | 220 | 141 | 0% | −55% |
| Onions, dry | 130 | 136 | 0% | −91% |
| Currants | 110 | 29 | 0.02% | −76% |
| Tomatoes | 110 | 164 | 0% | −98% |
| Raspberries | 100 | 42 | 0.01% | −27% |
| Linseed | 90 | 47 | 0% | +84% |
| Other pulses n.e.c. | 80 | 101 | 0% | — |
| Peas, green | 80 | 79 | 0% | −87% |
| Tea, packed | 64 | 102 | 0% | — |
| Green garlic | 40 | 100 | 0% | −73% |
| Grapes | 20 | 91 | 0% | — |
| Plums | 20 | 87 | 0% | −69% |
| Goat meat | 10 | 160 | 0% | −62% |
| Buttermilk, dry | 5 | 124 | 0% | −94% |
Live animals, 2024
Estonia among the world’s producers, 2024
Share of world production by country for the largest crops of Estonia, which is outlined on the map.
Small island states are not drawn at this scale.
Production per person, 2024
Estonia had 1.4 million inhabitants in 2024 (FAOSTAT estimate). Production of its largest products per inhabitant, compared with the world average:
| Product | kg per person | World, kg per person | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cow milk | 691 | 97.7 | 7.1× |
| Wheat | 547 | 97.8 | 5.6× |
| Barley | 232 | 17.4 | 13.3× |
| Skim milk of cows | 107 | 17.5 | 6.1× |
| Oats | 99.2 | 2.75 | 36.1× |
| Peas, dry | 86.5 | 1.73 | 49.8× |
| Beer | 71.8 | 22.7 | 3.2× |
| Rapeseed | 70.6 | 10.8 | 6.6× |
| Rye | 53.4 | 1.42 | 37.6× |
| Rapeseed or canola oil, crude | 51.8 | 3.85 | 13.5× |
| Potatoes | 51.0 | 47.8 | 1.1× |
| Cheese from whole cow milk | 37.9 | 2.82 | 13.5× |
Production divided by population; it is not consumption, because crops are traded and used for feed, processing and industry.
Trade in agricultural products, 2024
Estonia reported exports of 133 and imports of 170 of the products covered here.
Largest exports by value
| Product | Tonnes | Value | USD/kg | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheese from whole cow milk | 42,190 | USD 203 m | 4.80 | 22 of 123 |
| Wheat | 543,080 | USD 135 m | 0.25 | 27 of 102 |
| Raw milk of cattle | 223,872 | USD 110 m | 0.49 | 16 of 110 |
| Rapeseed or canola oil, crude | 71,031 | USD 90.8 m | 1.28 | 16 of 73 |
| Cocoa beans | 11,513 | USD 81.5 m | 7.08 | 23 of 93 |
| Barley | 175,357 | USD 35.4 m | 0.20 | 20 of 79 |
| Oats | 112,983 | USD 34.9 m | 0.31 | 6 of 73 |
| Peas, dry | 111,763 | USD 33.3 m | 0.30 | 10 of 103 |
| Beer of barley, malted | 40,859 | USD 31.8 m | 0.78 | 40 of 149 |
| Cream, fresh | 6,932 | USD 24.8 m | 3.58 | 23 of 69 |
Largest imports by value
| Product | Tonnes | Value | USD/kg | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocoa beans | 22,076 | USD 138 m | 6.26 | 19 of 108 |
| Wine | 22,540 | USD 112 m | 4.99 | 45 of 192 |
| Cheese from whole cow milk | 10,926 | USD 70.1 m | 6.41 | 68 of 192 |
| Meat of chickens, fresh or chilled | 18,818 | USD 59.9 m | 3.18 | 89 of 189 |
| Rape or colza seed | 62,707 | USD 35.9 m | 0.57 | 29 of 91 |
| Raw milk of cattle | 73,522 | USD 35.8 m | 0.49 | 23 of 188 |
| Beer of barley, malted | 33,090 | USD 34.7 m | 1.05 | 63 of 192 |
| Tomatoes | 15,055 | USD 28.6 m | 1.90 | 59 of 163 |
| Rapeseed or canola oil, crude | 25,478 | USD 26.4 m | 1.04 | 31 of 165 |
| Meat of pig with the bone, fresh or chilled | 7,515 | USD 24.2 m | 3.22 | 45 of 168 |
FAOSTAT detailed trade data, release of 23 July 2026: quantities in tonnes and values in current US dollars as reported; exports include re-exports. Only the FAO trade items that match Husfarm production pages are included: meat covers fresh or chilled meat only (frozen meat is a separate item), and processed goods such as milled rice or flour are not listed.
Questions and answers
What are the main crops produced in Estonia?
By volume, the largest products of Estonia in 2024 were cow milk (940,600 t), wheat (744,750 t), barley (315,200 t), according to FAOSTAT.
Is Estonia the world’s largest producer of anything?
Not in 2024. Its highest world rank was 5th, for skim milk, evaporated.
How much cow milk does Estonia produce per person?
About 691 kg per inhabitant in 2024, compared with a world average of 97.7 kg (production divided by population, FAOSTAT).
What does Estonia export most?
By value, its largest agricultural exports in 2024 among the products covered here were cheese from whole cow milk (USD 203 m), wheat (USD 135 m), raw milk of cattle (USD 110 m), according to FAOSTAT.
What does Estonia import most?
By value, its largest agricultural imports in 2024 among the products covered here were cocoa beans (USD 138 m), wine (USD 112 m), cheese from whole cow milk (USD 70.1 m).
Where does this data come from?
Production, trade and population figures are from FAOSTAT, the statistics database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rankings, shares and per-person figures are calculated by Husfarm.
Source: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products. Accessed on 4 November 2026. fao.org/faostat. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Charts, rankings and changes calculated by Husfarm.