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Curry Leaves

Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) trees grow up to 15 feet tall and produce yellow, white or red flowers. They are found in tropical locations such as Florida, Hawaii and Southern California. The leaves, which have a strong flavor similar to oregano or curry powder, are used dried or fresh in traditional Indian dishes such as kormas and curries. The leaves are also used in some teas. There are several varieties of curry leaf trees, including ones that have yellow-green leaves and others with red flowers. Curry leaf trees grow best in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, where average annual high temperatures range from 70 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. In cooler climates, curry leaf plants can be grown indoors in containers. Curry leaf trees are native to India and Southeast Asia, but they grow best in hot climates with long warm seasons. When planted in cool climates, the plants do not produce many leaves. The plants also need well-draining soil and average rainfall, similar to other tropical plants such as hibiscus. Curry leaf trees must be watered regularly and should not be allowed to dry out between waterings, as this can damage the plant's roots and inhibit growth. The plants also need an inch of mulch around their bases each year to retain moisture and protect from weeds. If flowering curry leaf tree bonsai are grown indoors, the plants should be placed near a southeast- or south-facing window. The ideal indoor temperature for curry leaf bonsai is 65 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. A humidity tray filled with pebbles and water can help increase humidity around the plant's leaves. Curry leaf trees need six hours of full sun per day to produce leaves year-round. Caring for a curry leaf bonsai indoors requires frequent fertilization every month during the spring and summer growing seasons. Reduce or stop watering in the winter, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Curry leaf bonsai trees should be repotted every two or three years, using an all-purpose potting mix. Fertilize curry leaf plants before their normal fertilization cycle begins in the spring by applying a 10-10-10 NPK fertilizer diluted to one-third strength. Apply this once each month until September at the rate of 3 to 4 tablespoons per square yard. The leaves of curry leaf bonsai trees are normally green but can turn yellow or brown during periods of drought, cold drafts or lower light levels indoors. Leaf color can also change if the plant is under-fertilized, is too hot or has old age. When these conditions occur, reduce the amount of fertilizer you give curry leaf plants to once per month. Curry leaf bonsai trees should be pinched back to encourage branching when they are young to develop a bushier plant that will produce more leaves. Pinching stimulates growth hormones in the plant and makes it form multiple branches.